In the abstract, Acadia refers to the existence of an Acadian culture in any of these regions. It can also refer to the Acadian diaspora in southern Louisiana, a region also referred to as Acadiana since the early 1960s. It particularly refers to regions of the Maritimes with Acadian roots, language, and culture, primarily in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, the Magdalen Islands and Prince Edward Island, as well as in Maine. The term Acadia today refers to regions of North America that are historically associated with the lands, descendants, or culture of the former region. The British took New Brunswick in Father Le Loutre's War, and they took Île Royale and Île Saint-Jean in 1758 following the French and Indian War. During King George's War, France and New France made significant attempts to regain mainland Nova Scotia. The English took control of Maine by defeating the Wabanaki Confederacy and the French priests during Father Rale's War. Prince Edward Island (Île Saint-Jean) and Cape Breton (Île Royale) remained under French control, as agreed under Article XIII of the Treaty of Utrecht. Acadia was conquered in 1710 during Queen Anne's War, while New Brunswick and much of Maine remained contested territory.
French troops from Quebec, Acadians, the Wabanaki Confederacy, and French priests continually raided New England settlements along the border in Maine during these wars. There were six colonial wars in a 74-year period in which British interests tried to capture Acadia, starting with King William's War in 1689. English forces of Captain Argall, an English ship's captain employed by the Virginia Company of London attacked and burned down the town in 1613, but it was later rebuilt nearby, where it remained the longest-serving capital of French Acadia until the British siege of Port Royal in 1710. The first capital of Acadia was established in 1605 as Port-Royal. The population of Acadia included the various indigenous First Nations that comprised the Wabanaki Confederacy, the Acadian people and other French settlers.
It was eventually divided into British colonies. The French government specified land bordering the Atlantic coast, roughly between the 40th and 46th parallels. During much of the 17th and early 18th centuries, Norridgewock on the Kennebec River and Castine at the end of the Penobscot River were the southernmost settlements of Acadia. Acadia (French: Acadie) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the Maritime provinces, the Gaspé Peninsula and Maine to the Kennebec River.
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